Manuals · hybrid inverter
The box has four lives: PV, battery, grid, and the loads you actually care about.
Applies to IP65 (and some IP20) hybrids sold in Pakistan as Inverex Nitrox, Knox Krypton/Care, SolarMax Solon/Max Power, Fronus, Ziewnic Z-Box, Growatt SPH, Solis S6, Deye SUN-6K, GoodWe ES/EM, Crown, Itel PRO. Official PDFs: Inverex, Knox, Growatt, Solis, Deye, GoodWe. Carton LCD map beats this page.
Not this manual: Huawei SUN2000 string, Growatt MIN, Fronius Primo/Symo without GEN24 backup — those shut down when WAPDA dies. That is anti-islanding, not a defect. Use the on-grid manual.
Safety, once
- PV strings sit at 300–500 V DC on a cold morning. Do not open MC4 under load. Isolator first.
- The battery is 51.2 V and will weld a ring spanner across the lugs. Switch OFF, then tools.
- GRID port can back-feed the street if someone bypasses the hybrid. That is how linemen die. Never bridge GRID and LOAD “so the geyser also works in shed.”
Ports (read the silk-screen)
| Port | What it is | What you connect | What happens in shed |
|---|---|---|---|
| PV / MPPT 1–2 | DC from plates | Strings via DC isolator. Voc under LCD max (cold). | Still produces if the sun is up. Does not keep the house up alone if the battery is empty and GRID is dead. |
| BAT +/− | 48 / 51.2 V bank | LFP wall pack, or four 12 V tubulars in series. Never mix voltages. Never 24 V pack on a 48 V Nitrox. | This is what keeps LOAD alive. |
| GRID / AC IN | WAPDA in (and export out) | Meter / main DB. Export follows net-billing (~Rs 11 working), not 1:1. | Dead. Anything landed only here dies. |
| LOAD / EPS / backup / AC OUT | Critical loads | Fridge, fans, lights, router, maybe one AC if the bank allows. | Stays up if battery + inverter are healthy. |
| GEN | Generator inlet (some models) | Only if the silk-screen and firmware list it. Changeover must not back-feed the street. | Charges / feeds per LCD “GEN” program. |
| CAN / BMS / RS485 | Closed-loop to LFP | The pack’s CAN-IN. Wrong pinout = “battery comms fail.” | If this is unplugged the hybrid may refuse to discharge, or cook a pack on USE voltages. |
| COM / Wi-Fi / USB logger | Dongle | SmartESS / Solarman / brand stick. | Irrelevant to whether the fridge runs. |
Daily use — a Pakistani day
Sun up: PV feeds the house first, charges the battery second, leftover may export at the net-billing rate. Do not oversize the roof to “sell” units after SRO 251 (9 Feb 2026). Self-use is the product. Export is a consolation prize.
Shed (load-shedding): GRID LED goes off. LOAD stays on if (a) this is a hybrid, (b) loads are on the LOAD port, (c) the battery has energy, (d) CAN is talking, (e) you did not trip overload. Transfer is typically 10–20 ms — LED lights may blink, a cheap laser printer may reboot, a fridge should not.
Night: Battery → LOAD. Grid covers whatever you left on the GRID DB (geyser, extra ACs). A 5.12 kWh LFP at 90% DoD is ~4.6 kWh usable: fans + fridge + lights + router for an evening, not two 1.5-ton ACs. Night AC is a second pack (or you leave the AC on GRID and accept DISCO units).
Rain / winter: PV kWh collapse. The hybrid will import. That is the point of a grid-tied hybrid. Off-grid people size 2× battery and a genset — different product, off-grid.
LCD items you actually change
Names vary (program 05, “battery type”, a touch icon). The jobs do not. Write the final settings on the handover sheet.
- Battery type — PYL / Dyness / Knox lithium / LIB as the pairing sheet. USE is a last resort and often voids LFP warranty because the BMS is then ignored.
- Max charge current — at or under the pack’s continuous amps. A 5.12 kWh wall is often 50–100 A. Cranking 150 A into a small Knox 4.15 is how cycle life vanishes.
- Max discharge current — same idea. A 1.5-ton inverter AC surge can trip a timid setting; raising it past the pack rating just trips the BMS instead.
- Output source / output priority — SOL (solar) first for a shed house. UTI / grid-first makes the battery a spectator until WAPDA dies — fine for a shop that wants to save the pack, wrong if you thought you were “running on solar.”
- Charger source — SNU / solar+utility vs solar-only. Grid-charging a pack at night to run AC is a bill in disguise. Say it out loud on the quote.
- AC output voltage — 230 V. Do not “boost” to 240 to hide a long, thin cable. Fix the cable: cables.
- Back-to-grid / feed-in — enable only if the DISCO file is real. Exporting without a bidirectional meter is a raid, not a feature.
- AC input range — APL (appliance, wide) vs UPS (narrow). Pakistani feeders are ugly. APL is usually the house setting; UPS mode is for sensitive IT and will disconnect more often.
What never goes on LOAD
Geyser 2 kW, instant water heater, welder, extra split ACs, a 1 hp motor-start pump if you did not size for the surge. They trip the hybrid and take the fridge with them. Put them on GRID. When WAPDA is dead they stay dead — that is the honest design. Solar thermal geyser is a different product: geyser.
24 V vs 48 V (do not mix)
Inverex Yukon / Veyron II 4 kW and some Itel boxes are 24 V. Nitrox 6 kW, Knox 6 kW, Deye SUN-6K are 48 / 51.2 V. A Dyness DL5.0C (51.2 V) on a 24 V hybrid is a fire conversation. Dyness DL2.5 is 25.6 V — only on 24 V hybrids. Read the inverter nameplate, not the salesman.
Generator
Only if the model has a GEN port or a documented GEN program. The hybrid must see the genset as a source, not as a load. Neutral and earth as the electrician drew on the single-line. Never a double-throw that can put 230 V back on the street while a lineman is on the transformer. Size the genset for LOAD + charge current, not “whatever Honda is in the shed.”
Heat, dust, firmware
North wall, shade, IP65 outdoors if the carton says IP65. Indoor IP20 in a Karachi stairwell eats boards. Keep 200 mm clear around vents. Dust on a heat sink is a summer trip. Firmware only from a stocking dealer — grey APKs brick CAN tables. Inverex / Knox exist in Pakistani towns because a board can be swapped; Growatt / Solis / Deye / GoodWe need a dealer who actually stocks that board. That is the pick/skip on the brand pages.
Brand notes (same physics, different desks)
- Inverex Nitrox — widest city service. App: SmartESS or Solarman. Pair Inverex LFP or a documented Dyness/Pylon. Mustang plates are a different cell from Hi-MO X10.
- Knox Krypton/Care — slightly cheaper 6 kW. Pair Knox Powerwall/LIO on CAN. 4.15 kWh is not a night-AC bank.
- SolarMax / Fronus / Ziewnic / Crown / Itel — budget IP65. Same port logic. Shorter paper (3–5 yr). Keep a dealer.
- Growatt SPH — Pylontech native lots. MIN is on-grid, SPF is off-grid — do not buy the wrong letter.
- Deye SUN-6K — fat PV input, popular with Dyness CAN. No grey firmware.
- Solis S6 — Modbus/HA people like it. Still needs a matching LFP protocol.
- GoodWe ES/EM — mid-premium IP65. BYD/Pylon pairs when the quote says so.
- Huawei hybrid / Fronius GEN24 — premium, different app (FusionSolar / Solar.web). Thin PK board stock. Confirm backup architecture before you assume fans at 2 a.m.
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